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1 lt1677 1677fa low noise, rail-to-rail precision op amp rail-to-rail input and output 100% tested low voltage noise: 3.2nv/ hz typ at 1khz 4.5nv/ hz max at 1khz offset voltage: 60 v max low v os drift: 0.2 v/ c typ low input bias current: 20na max wide supply range: 3v to 18v high a vol : 7v/ v min, r l = 10k high cmrr: 109db min high psrr: 108db min gain bandwidth product: 7.2mhz slew rate: 2.5v/ s operating temperature range: 40 c to 85 c the lt 1677 features the lowest noise performance avail- able for a rail-to-rail operational amplifier: 3.2nv/ hz wideband noise, 1/f corner frequency of 13hz and 90nv peak-to-peak 0.1hz to 10hz noise. low noise is combined with outstanding precision: 20 v offset voltage and 0.2 v/ c drift, 130db common mode and power supply rejection and 7.2mhz gain bandwidth product. the com- mon mode range exceeds the power supply by 100mv. the voltage gain of the lt1677 is extremely high, 19 million (typical) driving a 10k load. in the design, processing and testing of the device, particular attention has been paid to the optimization of the entire distribution of several key parameters. consequently, the specifications have been spectacularly improved compared to competing rail-to-rail amplifiers. 3v electret microphone amplifier low noise signal processing microvolt accuracy threshold detection strain gauge amplifiers tape head preamplifiers direct coupled audio gain stages infrared detectors battery-powered microphones features descriptio u applicatio s u typical applicatio u r3 1m r2 10k a v = 100 r1 10k panasonic electret condenser microphone wm-61 www.panasonic.com/pic (714) 373-7334 c1 0.68 f 23hz highpass to pa or headphones + lt1677 2 3 4 7 6 1.5v 1.5v 1.5v 1677 ta01 input offset voltage ( v) ?0 percent of units 15 20 25 ?0 10 40 1677 ta02 10 5 0 ?0 ?0 0 20 30 t a = 25 c v s = 15v distribution of offset voltage , lt, ltc and ltm are registered trademarks of linear technology corporation. all other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
2 lt1677 1677fa symbol parameter conditions (note 6) min typ max units v os input offset voltage (note 11) 35 90 v 0 c t a 70 c 55 150 v ?0 c t a 85 c 75 210 v v cm = v s + 0.1v 150 400 v v cm = v s ?0.2v, 0 c t a 70 c 180 550 v v cm = v s ?0.3v, 40 c t a 85 c 200 650 v v cm = 0.1v 1.5 5.0 mv v cm = 0v, 0 c t a 70 c 1.8 6.0 mv v cm = 0v, 40 c t a 85 c 2.0 6.5 mv ? v os average input offset drift (note 10) so-8 0.40 2.0 v/ c ? temp n8 0.20 1.5 v/ c ? v os long term input voltage stability 0.3 v/mo ? time i b input bias current (note 11) 2 20 na 0 c t a 70 c 3 35 na ?0 c t a 85 c 7 50 na v cm = v s + 0.1v 0.19 0.40 a v cm = v s ?0.2v, 0 c t a 70 c 0.19 0.60 a v cm = v s ?0.3v, 40 c t a 85 c 0.25 0.75 a v cm = 0.1v 1.2 0.41 a v cm = 0v, 0 c t a 70 c ?.0 0.45 a v cm = 0v, 40 c t a 85 c ?.3 0.47 a i os input offset current (note 11) 415 na 0 c t a 70 c 520 na ?0 c t a 85 c 840 na v cm = v s + 0.1v 6 30 na v cm = v s ?0.2v, 0 c t a 70 c 10 40 na v cm = v s ?0.3v, 40 c t a 85 c 15 65 na v cm = 0.1v 20 100 na v cm = 0v, 0 c t a 70 c 25 150 na v cm = 0v, 40 c t a 85 c 30 160 na (note 1) supply voltage ...................................................... 22v input voltages (note 2) ............ 0.3v beyond either rail differential input current (note 2) ..................... 25ma output short-circuit duration (note 3) ............ indefinite storage temperature range ................. 65 c to 150 c lead temperature (soldering, 10 sec.)................. 300 c operating temperature range lt1677c (note 4) ............................. 40 c to 85 c lt1677i ............................................. 40 c to 85 c specified temperature range lt1677c (note 5) ............................. 40 c to 85 c lt1677i ............................................. 40 c to 85 c the denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at t a = 25 c. v s = 3v, v cm = v o = 1.7v; v s = 5v, v cm = v o = 2.5v unless otherwise noted. absolute axi u rati gs w ww u package/order i for atio uu w electrical characteristics order part number order options tape and reel: add #tr lead free: add #pbf lead free tape and reel: add #trpbf lead free part marking: http://www.linear.com/leadfree/ lt1677cs8 lt1677is8 lt1677cn8 lt1677in8 1677 1677i top view s8 package 8-lead plastic so n8 package 8-lead pdip 1 2 3 4 8 7 6 5 v os trim v os trim +v s out nc ?n +in ? s + t jmax = 150 c, ja = 150 c/ w (n8) t jmax = 150 c, ja = 190 c/ w (s0-8) s8 part marking consult ltc marketing for parts specified with wider operating temperature ranges.
3 lt1677 1677fa symbol parameter conditions (note 6) min typ max units e n input noise voltage 0.1hz to 10hz (note 7) 90 nv p-p v cm = v s 180 nv p-p v cm = 0v 600 nv p-p input noise voltage density (note 8) f o = 10hz 5.2 nv/ hz v cm = v s , f o = 10hz 7 nv/ hz v cm = 0v, f o = 10hz 25 nv/ hz f o = 1khz 3.2 4.5 nv/ hz v cm = v s , f o = 1khz 5.3 nv/ hz v cm = 0v, f o = 1khz 17 nv/ hz i n input noise current density f o = 10hz 1.2 pa/ hz f o = 1khz 0.3 pa/ hz v cm input voltage range 0.1 v s + 0.1v v 0 c t a 70 c 0v s ?0.2v v ?0 c t a 85 c 0v s ?0.3v v r in input resistance common mode 2 g ? c in input capacitance 4.2 pf cmrr common mode rejection ratio (note 11) v s = 3v v cm = 0.1v to 3.1v 55 68 db v cm = 0v to 2.7v 53 67 db v s = 5v v cm = 0.1v to 5.1v 60 73 db v cm = 0v to 4.7v 58 72 db psrr power supply rejection ratio v s = 2.7v to 40v, v cm = v o = 1.7v 108 125 db v s = 3.1v to 40v, v cm = v o = 1.7v 105 120 db a vol large-signal voltage gain v s = 3v, r l 10k, v o = 2.5v to 0.7v 0.6 4 v/ v 0 c t a 70 c 0.4 3 v/ v ?0 c t a 85 c 0.4 3 v/ v v s = 3v, r l 2k, v o = 2.2v to 0.7v 0.5 1 v/ v 0 c t a 70 c 0.4 0.9 v/ v ?0 c t a 85 c 0.4 0.8 v/ v v s = 3v, r l 600 ? , v o = 2.2v to 0.7v 0.20 0.43 v/ v 0 c t a 70 c 0.15 0.40 v/ v ?0 c t a 85 c 0.10 0.35 v/ v v s = 5v, r l 10k, v o = 4.5v to 0.7v 0.8 5 v/ v 0 c t a 70 c 0.7 4 v/ v ?0 c t a 85 c 0.7 4 v/ v v s = 5v, r l 2k, v o = 4.2v to 0.7v 0.40 0.9 v/ v 0 c t a 70 c 0.35 0.8 v/ v ?0 c t a 85 c 0.25 0.6 v/ v v s = 5v, r l 600 ? , v o = 4.2v to 0.7v 0.35 0.67 v/ v 0 c t a 70 c 0.30 0.60 v/ v ?0 c t a 85 c 0.20 0.45 v/ v the denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at t a = 25 c. v s = 3v, v cm = v o = 1.7v; v s = 5v, v cm = v o = 2.5v unless otherwise noted. electrical characteristics
4 lt1677 1677fa symbol parameter conditions (note 6) min typ max units v ol output voltage swing low (note 11) above gnd i sink = 0.1ma 110 170 mv 0 c t a 70 c 125 200 mv 40 c t a 85 c 130 230 mv above gnd i sink = 2.5ma 170 250 mv 0 c t a 70 c 195 320 mv 40 c t a 85 c 205 350 mv above gnd i sink = 10ma 370 500 mv 0 c t a 70 c 440 600 mv 40 c t a 85 c 465 650 mv v oh output voltage swing high (note 11) below v s i source = 0.1ma 75 170 mv 0 c t a 70 c 85 200 mv 40 c t a 85 c 93 250 mv below v s i source = 2.5ma 170 300 mv 0 c t a 70 c 195 350 mv 40 c t a 85 c 205 375 mv below v s i source = 10ma 450 700 mv 0 c t a 70 c 510 800 mv 40 c t a 85 c 525 850 mv i sc output short-circuit current (note 3) v s = 3v 15 22 ma 0 c t a 70 c 14 20 ma ?0 c t a 85 c 13 19 ma v s = 5v 20 29 ma 0 c t a 70 c 18 27 ma ?0 c t a 85 c 17 25 ma sr slew rate (note 13) a v = 1 1.7 2.5 v/ s r l 10k, 0 c t a 70 c 1.5 2.3 v/ s r l 10k, 40 c t a 85 c 1.2 2.0 v/ s gbw gain bandwidth product (note 11) f o = 100khz 4.5 7.2 mhz f o = 100khz, 0 c t a 70 c 3.8 6.2 mhz f o = 100khz, 40 c t a 85 c 3.7 5.8 mhz t s settling time 2v step 0.1%, a v = +1 2.1 s 2v step 0.01%, a v = +1 3.5 s r o open-loop output resistance i out = 0 80 ? closed-loop output resistance a v = 100, f = 10khz 1 ? i s supply current (note 12) 2.60 3.4 ma 0 c t a 70 c 2.75 3.7 ma ?0 c t a 85 c 2.80 3.8 ma the denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at t a = 25 c. v s = 3v, v cm = v o = 1.7v; v s = 5v, v cm = v o = 2.5v unless otherwise noted. electrical characteristics
5 lt1677 1677fa electrical characteristics symbol parameter conditions (note 6) min typ max units v os input offset voltage 20 60 v 0 c t a 70 c 30 120 v ?0 c t a 85 c 45 180 v v cm = 15.1v 150 400 v v cm = 14.8v, 0 c t a 70 c 180 550 v v cm = 14.7v, 40 c t a 85 c 200 650 v v cm = 15.1v 1.5 5.0 mv v cm = 15v, 0 c t a 70 c 1.8 6.0 mv v cm = 15v, 40 c t a 85 c 2.0 6.5 mv ? v os average input offset drift (note 10) so-8 0.40 2.0 v/ c ? temp n8 0.20 1.5 v/ c ? v os long term input voltage stability 0.3 v/mo ? time i b input bias current 2 20 na 0 c t a 70 c 3 35 na ?0 c t a 85 c 7 50 na v cm = 15.1v 0.19 0.40 a v cm = 14.8v, 0 c t a 70 c 0.20 0.60 a v cm = 14.7v, 40 c t a 85 c 0.25 0.75 a v cm = 15.1v 1.2 0.42 a v cm = 15v, 0 c t a 70 c ?.0 0.46 a v cm = 15v, 40 c t a 85 c ?.3 0.48 a i os input offset current 315 na 0 c t a 70 c 520 na ?0 c t a 85 c 840 na v cm = 15.1v 5 25 na v cm = 14.8v, 0 c t a 70 c 835 na v cm = 14.7v, 40 c t a 85 c 12 60 na v cm = 15.1v 20 105 na v cm = 15v, 0 c t a 70 c 25 160 na v cm = 15v, 40 c t a 85 c 30 170 na e n input noise voltage 0.1hz to 10hz (note 7) 90 nv p-p v cm = 15v 180 nv p-p v cm = 15v 600 nv p-p input noise voltage density f o = 10hz 5.2 nv/ hz v cm = 15v, f o = 10hz 7 nv/ hz v cm = 15v, f o = 10hz 25 nv/ hz f o = 1khz 3.2 4.5 nv/ hz v cm = 15v, f o = 1khz 5.3 nv/ hz v cm = 15v, f o = 1khz 17 nv/ hz i n input noise current density f o = 10hz 1.2 pa/ hz f o = 1khz 0.3 pa/ hz v cm input voltage range 15.1 15.1 v 0 c t a 70 c 15.0 14.8 v ?0 c t a 85 c 15.0 14.7 v r in input resistance common mode 2 g ? c in input capacitance 4.2 pf the denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at t a = 25 c. v s = 15v, v cm = v o = 0v unless otherwise noted.
6 lt1677 1677fa symbol parameter conditions (note 6) min typ max units cmrr common mode rejection ratio v cm = 13.3v to 14v 109 130 db 105 124 db v cm = 15.1v to 15.1v 74 95 db v cm = 15v to 14.7v 72 91 db psrr power supply rejection ratio v s = 1.7v to 18v 106 130 db 103 125 db v s = 2.7v to 40v 108 125 db v s = 3.1v to 40v 105 120 db a vol large-signal voltage gain r l 10k, v o = 14v 7 19 v/ v 0 c t a 70 c 413 v/ v ?0 c t a 85 c 38 v/ v r l 2k, v o = 13.5v 0.50 0.75 v/ v 0 c t a 70 c 0.30 0.67 v/ v ?0 c t a 85 c 0.15 0.24 v/ v r l 600 ? , v o = 10v 0.2 0.5 v/ v v ol output voltage swing low above v s i sink = 0.1ma 110 170 mv 0 c t a 70 c 125 200 mv 40 c t a 85 c 130 230 mv above v s i sink = 2.5ma 170 250 mv 0 c t a 70 c 195 320 mv 40 c t a 85 c 205 350 mv above v s i sink = 10ma 370 500 mv 0 c t a 70 c 440 600 mv 40 c t a 85 c 450 650 mv v oh output voltage swing high below +v s i source = 0.1ma 110 170 mv 0 c t a 70 c 130 200 mv 40 c t a 85 c 140 250 mv below +v s i source = 2.5ma 210 300 mv 0 c t a 70 c 240 350 mv 40 c t a 85 c 250 375 mv below +v s i source = 10ma 520 700 mv 0 c t a 70 c 590 800 mv 40 c t a 85 c 620 850 mv i sc output short-circuit current (note 3) 25 35 ma 0 c t a 70 c 20 30 ma ?0 c t a 85 c 18 28 ma sr slew rate r l 10k (note 9) 1.7 2.5 v/ s r l 10k (note 9) 0 c t a 70 c 1.5 2.3 v/ s r l 10k (note 9) 40 c t a 85 c 1.2 2.0 v/ s gbw gain bandwidth product f o = 100khz 4.5 7.2 mhz f o = 100khz, 0 c t a 70 c 3.8 6.2 mhz f o = 100khz, 40 c t a 85 c 3.7 5.8 mhz the denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at t a = 25 c. v s = 15v, v cm = v o = 0v unless otherwise noted. electrical characteristics
7 lt1677 1677fa the denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at t a = 25 c. v s = 15v, v cm = v o = 0v unless otherwise noted. electrical characteristics symbol parameter conditions (note 6) min typ max units thd total harmonic distortion r l = 2k, a v = 1, f o = 1khz, v o = 10v p-p 0.0006 % t s settling time 10v step 0.1%, a v = +1 5 s 10v step 0.01%, a v = +1 6 s r o open-loop output resistance i out = 0 80 ? closed-loop output resistance a v = 100, f = 10khz 1 ? i s supply current 2.75 3.5 ma 0 c t a 70 c 3.00 3.9 ma ?0 c t a 85 c 3.10 4.0 ma note 1: stresses beyond those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. exposure to any absolute maximum rating condition for extended periods may affect device reliability and lifetime. note 2: the inputs are protected by back-to-back diodes. current limiting resistors are not used in order to achieve low noise. if differential input voltage exceeds 1.4v, the input current should be limited to 25ma. if the common mode range exceeds either rail, the input current should be limited to 10ma. note 3: a heat sink may be required to keep the junction temperature below absolute maximum. note 4: the lt1677c and lt1677i are guaranteed functional over the operating temperature range of 40 c to 85 c. note 5: the lt1677c is guaranteed to meet specified performance from 0 c to 70 c. the lt1677c is designed, characterized and expected to meet specified performance from 40 c to 85 c but is not tested or qa sampled at these temperatures. the lt1677i is guaranteed to meet specified performance from 40 c to 85 c. note 6: typical parameters are defined as the 60% yield of parameter distributions of individual amplifier; i.e., out of 100 lt1677s, typically 60 op amps will be better than the indicated specification. note 7: see the test circuit and frequency response curve for 0.1hz to 10hz tester in the applications information section of the lt1677 data sheet. note 8: noise is 100% tested at 15v supplies. note 9: slew rate is measured in a v = 1; input signal is 7.5v, output measured at 2.5v. note 10: this parameter is not 100% tested. v s = 3v and 5v limits are guaranteed by correlation to v s = 15v test. note 11: v s = 5v limits are guaranteed by correlation to v s = 3v and v s = 15v tests. note 12: v s = 3v limits are guaranteed by correlation to v s = 5v and v s = 15v tests. note 13: guaranteed by correlation to slew rate at v s = 15v and gbw at v s = 3v and v s = 15v tests. typical perfor a ce characteristics uw voltage noise vs frequency frequency (hz) 0.1 1 rms voltage noise density (nv/ hz) 10 100 10 1 100 1000 1677 g01 1/f corner 8.5hz 1/f corner 13hz v cm > 14.5v v cm < 14.5v v s = 15v t a = 25 c v cm ?3.5v to 14.5v 1/f corner 10hz 0.1hz to 10hz voltage noise time (seconds) voltage noise (20nv/div) 2468 1677 g03 10 0 0.01hz to 1hz voltage noise time (seconds) voltage noise (20nv/div) 20 40 60 80 1677 g04 100 0
8 lt1677 1677fa typical perfor a ce characteristics uw input bias current vs temperature temperature ( c) ?0 0 input bias current (na) 1 3 4 5 10 7 0 50 75 1677 g05 2 8 9 6 ?5 25 100 125 v s = 15v v cm = 0v current noise vs frequency voltage noise vs temperature input bias current over the common mode range input bias current vs temperature temperature ( c) ?0 100 input bias current (na) 300 600 0 50 75 1677 g06 200 500 400 ?5 25 100 125 v s = 15v v cm = 14.7v current into dut v cm = ?4v current out of dut frequency (hz) 10 0.1 rms current noise density (pa/ hz) 1 10 100 1000 10000 1677 g07 1/f corner 90hz 1/f corner 180hz v cm < ?3.5v v cm > 14.5v v s = 15v t a = 25 c v cm ?3.5v to 14.5v 1/f corner 60hz temperature ( c) ?0 2 rms voltage noise density (nv/ hz) 4 7 0 50 75 1677 g08 3 1khz 10hz 6 5 ?5 25 100 125 v s = 15v v cm = 0v common mode input voltage (v) ?6 input bias current (na) 0 400 16 1677 g09 400 800 ? 0 8 ?2 ? 4 12 800 200 200 600 600 v cm = 15.3v v cm = 13.6v v cm = 14.3v v cm = 15.15v input bias current v s = 15v t a = 25 c offset voltage shift vs common mode distribution of input offset voltage drift (n8) v cm ?v (v) v cm ?v + (v) 1.0 v v + offset voltage (mv) offset voltage ( v) 0.5 1.5 2.5 0.8 1677 g10 0.5 ?.5 0 1.0 2.0 ?.0 2.0 2.5 50 150 250 ?0 ?50 0 100 200 ?00 200 250 1.0 2.0 0.4 0.4 v os is referred to v cm = 0v v s = 1.5v to 15v t a = 25 c 5 typical parts input offset voltage drift ( v/ c) ?.0 percent of units (%) 30 40 50 1677 g13 20 10 25 35 45 15 5 0 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.6 1.0 1.4 v s = 15v t a = 40 c to 85 c 167 parts (4 lots) warm-up drift time (minutes) 0 change in offset voltage ( v) 6 8 10 4 1677 g02 4 2 0 1 2 3 5 v s = 15v t a = 25 c so package n package input offset voltage drift ( v/ c) 0.8 0 percent of units (%) 5 10 15 20 30 0.4 0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1677 g37 1.6 2.0 25 v s = 15v t a = 40 c to 85 c 201 parts (5 lots) distribution of input offset voltage drift (so-8)
9 lt1677 1677fa voltage gain vs frequency common mode rejection ratio vs frequency power supply rejection ratio vs frequency supply current vs supply voltage typical perfor a ce characteristics uw common mode range vs temperature long-term stability of four representative units v cm ?v s (v) v cm ?v s + (v) 1.0 v v + offset voltage (mv) offset voltage ( v) 0.5 1.5 2.5 0.8 1677 g12 0.5 ?.5 0 1.0 2.0 ?.0 2.0 2.5 50 150 250 ?0 ?50 0 100 200 ?00 200 250 1.0 2.0 0.4 0.4 v s = 2.5v to 15v 125 c 125 c 25 c 25 c ?5 c ?5 c v os is referred to v cm = 0v time (hours) 0 ? offset voltage change ( v) ? ? ? 0 5 2 200 400 500 900 1677 g14 ? 3 4 1 100 300 600 700 800 supply voltage (v) 0 1 supply current (ma) 2 3 4 5 10 15 20 1677 g15 t a = 125 c t a = 25 c t a = 55 c frequency (hz) 40 common mode rejection ratio (db) 80 100 140 160 1k 100k 1m 10m 1677 g16 0 10k 120 60 20 v s = 15v t a = 25 c v cm = 0v frequency (hz) 0.01 ?0 voltage gain (db) 60 180 1 100 100m 1677 g18 20 140 100 10k 1m v s = 15v t a = 25 c v cm = 0v v cm = v ee v cm = v cc frequency (hz) 1 power supply rejection ratio (db) 60 80 100 1k 100k 1677 g17 40 20 0 10 100 10k 120 140 160 1m positive supply negative supply v s = 15v t a = 25 c overshoot vs load capacitance voltage gain vs supply voltage (single supply) supply voltage (v) 0 0.1 open loop voltage gain (v/ v) 10 100 10 20 30 1677 g19 1 t a = 25 c r l to gnd v cm : v o = v s /2 r l = 10k r l = 2k capacitance (pf) 10 0 overshoot (%) 10 20 30 40 60 100 1000 1677 g21 50 rising edge falling edge v s = 15v t a = 25 c r l = 10k to 2k v os vs temperature of representative units temperature ( c) ?5 voltage offset ( v) ?0 100 120 140 1677 g11 ?0 60 20 ?0 80 ?0 40 0 35 15 5 25 45 65 85 105 125 v s = 15v v cm = 0v so-8 n8
10 lt1677 1677fa typical perfor a ce characteristics uw output voltage swing vs load current settling time vs output step (inverting) settling time vs output step (noninverting) large-signal transient response 10v 10v a vcl = 1 5 s/div v s = 15v small-signal transient response 50mv 50mv a vcl = 1 0.5 s/div v s = 15v c l = 15pf 0 output step (v) 0 settling time ( s) 4 8 12 2 6 10 ? ? 2 6 1677 g25 10 ? ?0 ? 0 4 8 5k 5k v out v in + 0.1% of full scale 0.1% of full scale 0.01% of full scale 0.01% of full scale v s = 15v a v = 1 t a = 25 c output step (v) 0 settling time ( s) 4 8 12 2 6 10 ? ? 2 6 1677 g26 10 ? ?0 ? 0 4 8 2k 2k v out r l = 1k v in + 0.1% of full scale 0.1% of full scale 0.01% of full scale 0.01% of full scale v s = 15v a v = 1 t a = 25 c gain, phase shift vs frequency output current (ma) i sink i source ?0 output voltage swing (v) 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 +v s ?0 6 1677 g27 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.3 ? s + 0 ? ? 2 10 4 ? ? 0 8 125 c 125 c ?5 c ?5 c 25 c v s = 15v 25 c frequency (mhz) 0.1 ?0 voltage gain (db) 30 40 50 1 10 100 1677 g34 20 10 0 ?0 phase shift (deg) 60 80 100 40 20 0 v s = 15v v cm = 0v c l = 10pf 125 c 25 c 55 c gain phase gain, phase shift vs frequency frequency (mhz) 0.1 ?0 voltage gain (db) 30 40 50 1 10 100 1677 g35 20 10 0 ?0 phase shift (deg) 60 80 100 40 20 0 v s = 15v v cm = 14.7v c l = 10pf 125 c 25 c 55 c gain phase frequency (mhz) 0.1 ?0 voltage gain (db) 30 40 50 1 10 100 1677 g36 20 10 0 ?0 phase shift (deg) 60 80 100 40 20 0 v s = 15v v cm = 14v c l = 10pf 125 c 25 c 55 c gain phase gain, phase shift vs frequency pm, gbwp, sr vs temperature temperature ( c) ?0 1 slew rate (v/ s) phase margin (deg) 3 70 0 50 75 1677 g22 2 60 50 gain bandwidth product, f o = 100khz (mhz) 7 6 5 4 8 ?5 25 100 125 phase gbw slew v s = 15v c l = 15pf
11 lt1677 1677fa typical perfor a ce characteristics uw total harmonic distortion and noise vs frequency for inverting gain total harmonic distortion and noise vs output amplitude for noninverting gain total harmonic distortion and noise vs output amplitude for inverting gain frequency (hz) 0.001 total harmonic distrotion + noise (%) 0.01 20 1k 10k 20k 1677 g31 0.0001 100 0.1 a v = 100 a v = 10 a v = 1 z l = 2k/15pf v s = 15v v o = 10v p-p a v = ?, ?0, ?100 measurement bandwidth = 10hz to 80khz output swing (v p-p ) 0.001 total harmonic distortion + noise (%) 0.01 0.1 1 11030 1677 g32 0.0001 0.3 a v = 100 a v = 10 a v = 1 z l = 2k/15pf v s = 15v f o = 1khz a v = +1, +10, +100 measurement bandwidth = 10hz to 22khz output swing (v p-p ) 0.001 total harmonic distortion + noise (%) 0.01 0.1 1 11030 1677 g33 0.0001 0.3 a v = ?00 a v = 10 a v = 1 z l = 2k/15pf v s = 15v f o = 1khz a v = ?, ?0, ?00 measurement bandwidth = 10hz to 22khz output short-circuit current vs time time from output short to gnd (min) 0 ?0 short-circuit current (ma) sinking sourcing ?5 ?5 ?0 50 20 1 2 1677 g28 ?0 30 40 10 3 4 ?5 c ?5 c 125 c 25 c 25 c 125 c v s = 15v total harmonic distortion and noise vs frequency for noninverting gain frequency (hz) 0.001 total harmonic distrotion + noise (%) 0.01 20 1k 10k 20k 1677 g30 0.0001 100 0.1 a v = 100 a v = 10 a v = 1 z l = 2k/15pf v s = 15v v o = 10v p-p a v = +1, +10, +100 measurement bandwidth = 10hz to 80khz closed-loop output impedance vs frequency frequency (hz) 10 output impedance ( ? ) 1 10 100 100k 1677 g29 0.1 0.01 0.001 100 1k 10k 1m a v = +100 a v = +1
12 lt1677 1677fa applicatio s i for atio wu uu general the lt1677 series devices may be inserted directly into op-07, op-27, op-37 and sockets with or without removal of external compensation or nulling components. in addi- tion, the lt1677 may be fitted to 741 sockets with the removal or modification of external nulling components. rail-to-rail operation to take full advantage of an input range that can exceed the supply, the lt1677 is designed to eliminate phase reversal. referring to the photographs shown in figure 1, the lt1677 is operating in the follower mode (a v = +1) at a single 3v supply. the output of the lt1677 clips cleanly and recovers with no phase reversal. this has the benefit of preventing lock-up in servo systems and minimizing distortion components. offset voltage adjustment the input offset voltage of the lt1677 and its drift with temperature are permanently trimmed at wafer testing to a low level. however, if further adjustment of v os is necessary, the use of a 10k ? nulling potentiometer will not degrade drift with temperature. trimming to a value other than zero creates a drift of (v os / 300) v/ c, e.g., if v os is adjusted to 300 v, the change in drift will be 1 v/ c (figure 2). input = 0.5v to 3.5v lt1677 output 3v 2v 1v 0v 0.5v 1577 f01a 3v 2v 1v 0v 0.5v 1577 f01b figure 1. voltage follower with input exceeding the supply voltage (v s = 3v) the adjustment range with a 10k ? pot is approximately 2.5mv. if less adjustment range is needed, the sensitiv- ity and resolution of the nulling can be improved by using a smaller pot in conjunction with fixed resistors. the example has an approximate null range of 200 v (figure 3). figure 3. improved sensitivity adjustment figure 2. standard adjustment 1677 f02 10k output input 8 7 6 4 1 2 3 15v 15v + lt1677 1677 f03 1k 4.7k output 8 7 6 4 1 2 3 15v 15v + lt1677 4.7k
13 lt1677 1677fa applicatio s i for atio wu uu offset voltage and drift thermocouple effects, caused by temperature gradients across dissimilar metals at the contacts to the input terminals, can exceed the inherent drift of the amplifier unless proper care is exercised. air currents should be minimized, package leads should be short, the two input leads should be close together and maintained at the same temperature. the circuit shown to measure offset voltage is also used as the burn-in configuration for the lt1677, with the supply voltages increased to 20v (figure 4). figure 4. test circuit for offset voltage and offset voltage drift with temperature 1677 f04 v out v out = 1000v os *resistors must have low thermoelectric potential 7 6 4 2 3 15v 15v + lt1677 50k* 100 ? * 50k* as with all operational amplifiers when r f > 2k, a pole will be created with r f and the amplifier? input capacitance, creating additional phase shift and reducing the phase margin. a small capacitor (20pf to 50pf) in parallel with r f will eliminate this problem. noise testing the 0.1hz to 10hz peak-to-peak noise of the lt1677 is measured in the test circuit shown (figure 6a). the fre- quency response of this noise tester (figure 6b) indicates that the 0.1hz corner is defined by only one zero. the test time to measure 0.1hz to 10hz noise should not exceed ten seconds, as this time limit acts as an additional zero to eliminate noise contributions from the frequency band below 0.1hz. measuring the typical 90nv peak-to-peak noise perfor- mance of the lt1677 requires special test precautions: 1. the device should be warmed up for at least five minutes. as the op amp warms up, its offset voltage changes typically 3 v due to its chip temperature increasing 10 c to 20 c from the moment the power supplies are turned on. in the ten-second measurement interval these temperature-induced effects can easily exceed tens of nanovolts. 2. for similar reasons, the device must be well shielded from air currents to eliminate the possibility of thermoelectric effects in excess of a few nanovolts, which would invalidate the measurements. 3. sudden motion in the vicinity of the device can also ?eedthrough?to increase the observed noise. current noise is measured in the circuit shown in figure 7 and calculated by the following formula: i e nv m n no = () ? () ? ? ? ? ? ? ()() 2 2 12 130 101 1 101 ? / ? the lt1677 achieves its low noise, in part, by operating the input stage at 100 a versus the typical 10 a of most other op amps. voltage noise is inversely proportional while current noise is directly proportional to the square figure 5. pulsed operation 1677 f05 lt1677 + r f output 2.5v/ s unity-gain buffer application when r f 100 ? and the input is driven with a fast, large- signal pulse (>1v), the output waveform will look as shown in the pulsed operation diagram (figure 5). during the fast feedthrough-like portion of the output, the input protection diodes effectively short the output to the input and a current, limited only by the output short-circuit protection, will be drawn by the signal generator. with r f 500 ? , the output is capable of handling the current requirements (i l 20ma at 10v) and the amplifier stays in its active mode and a smooth transition will occur.
14 lt1677 1677fa applicatio s i for atio wu uu figure 6a. 0.1hz to 10hz noise test circuit figure 6b. 0.1hz to 10hz peak-to-peak noise tester frequency response 1677 f06a 10 ? 0.1 f 4.7 f voltage gain = 50,000 24.3k 100k + + * lt1677 lt1001 2k 4.3k 110k 100k scope 1 r in = 1m *device under test note: all capacitor values are for nonpolarized capacitors only 2.2 f 0.1 f 22 f frequency (hz) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 0.01 1 10 100 1677 f06b 0.1 gain (db) figure 7 1677 f07 100 ? 100k + lt1677 500k 500k e no source resistance (k ? ) 0.1 1 10 100 1000 1 10 100 1677 f08 total noise density (nv/ hz) v s = 15v t a = 25 c source resistance = 2r r r at 1khz at 10hz resistor noise only figure 8. total noise vs source resistance root of the input stage current. therefore, the lt1677? current noise will be relatively high. at low frequencies, the low 1/f current noise corner frequency ( 90hz) mini- mizes current noise to some extent. in most practical applications, however, current noise will not limit system performance. this is illustrated in the total noise vs source resistance plot (figure 8) where: total noise = [(op amp voltage noise) 2 + (resistor noise) 2 + (current noise r s ) 2 ] 1/2 three regions can be identified as a function of source resistance: (i) r s 400 ? . voltage noise dominates (ii) 400 ? r s 50k at 1khz 400 ? r s 8k at 10hz (iii) r s > 50k at 1khz r s > 8k at 10hz clearly the lt1677 should not be used in region (iii), where total system noise is at least six times higher than the voltage noise of the op amp, i.e., the low voltage noise specification is completely wasted. in this region the lt1792 or lt1793 is the best choice. } resistor noise dominates } current noise dominates
15 lt1677 1677fa t a = 25 c v s = 15v r l connected to 0v measured on tektronix 577 curve tracer t a = 25 c v s = 5v r l = 600 ? measured on tektronix 577 curve tracer rail-to-rail input the lt1677 has the lowest voltage noise, offset voltage and highest gain when compared to any rail-to-rail op amp. the input common mode range for the lt1677 can exceed the supplies by at least 100mv. as the common mode voltage approaches the positive rail (+v s ?0.7v), the tail current for the input pair (q1, q2) is reduced, which prevents the input pair from saturating (refer to the simplified schematic). the voltage drop across the load resistors r c1 , r c2 is reduced to less than 200mv, degrad- ing the slew rate, bandwidth, voltage noise, offset voltage and input bias current (the cancellation is shut off). when the input common mode range goes below 1.5v above the negative rail, the npn input pair (q1, q2) shuts off and the pnp input pair (q8, q9) turns on. the offset voltage, input bias current, voltage noise and bandwidth are also degraded. the graph of offset voltage shift vs common mode shows where the knees occur by display- ing the change in offset voltage. the change-over points are temperature dependent, see the graph common mode range vs temperature. applicatio s i for atio wu uu input voltage (50 v/div) 0 5 10 15 ? ?0 ?5 output voltage (v) r l = 600 figure 9. voltage gain split supply input voltage (5 v/div) 34 2 1 0 output voltage (v) r l to 5v figure 10. voltage gain single supply r l to 0v 5 rail-to-rail output the rail-to-rail output swing is achieved by using transis- tor collectors (q28, q29) instead of customary class a-b emitter followers for the output stage. referring to the simplified schematic, the output npn transistor (q29) sinks the current necessary to move the output in the negative direction. the change in q29? base emitter voltage is re- flected directly to the gain node (collectors of q20 and q16). for large sinking currents, the delta v be of q29 can domi- nate the gain. figure 9 shows the change in input voltage for a change in output voltage for different load resistors connected between the supplies. the gain is much higher for output voltages above ground (q28 sources current) since the change in base emitter voltage of q28 is attenu- ated by the gain in the pnp portion of the output stage. therefore, for positive output swings (output sourcing current) there is hardly any change in input voltage for any load resistance. highest gain and best linearity is achieved when the output is sourcing current, which is the case in single supply operation when the load is ground referenced. figure 10 shows gains for both sinking and sourcing load currents for a worst-case load of 600 ? . r l = 1k r l = 10k
16 lt1677 1677fa microvolt comparator with hysteresis + lt1677 3 7 1677 ta03 4 6 1 2 3v output positive feedback to one of the nulling terminals creates approximately 5 v of hysteresis. output can sink 16ma input offset voltage is typically changed less than 5 v due to the feedback input 10m 5% 15k 1% 15k 1% + lt1677 3v r* v out for temp compensation of gain r* r6 22.1 ? 1677 ta06 r4 5.49k r3 5.49k r5 698 ? r7 22.1 ? r2 5 ? r2 5 ? *omega sg-3/350ly11 350 ? , 1% all other resistors 1% trim r11 for bridge balance a v = ? 1000 2 ?r* + r6 r6 () r4 r2 + (r*/2) () 3v r* r8 7.5 ? r9 3.4 ? r11 1k r* r* r* r10 232 ? 3v strain gauge amplifier typical applicatio s u + lt1677 2 7 3v < v s < 36v zetex bc856b v out 1677 ta07 4 6 3 r in 1k source r line 0.1 ? r out 20k load v out i load = r line = 2v/amp r out r in precision high side current sense
17 lt1677 1677fa typical applicatio s u r2 80k r4 8k 7hz pole for servo panasonic electret condenser microphone wm-61 (714) 373-7334 c4 1 f to headphones + lt1677 2 3 4 7 6 1.5v 1.5v + lt1677 2 3 4 7 6 1.5v 1.5v 2n3906 1.5v 1.5v 1677 ta05 c2 100pf 20khz roll off r3 1m r1 1m + lt1677 2 3 4 7 6 1.5v 1.5v 1.5v c3 0.022 f r5 2k c1 10pf 2n3906 16khz roll off 3v super electret microphone amplifier with dc servo
18 lt1677 1677fa r8 200 ? r21 100 ? r13 100 ? r24 100 ? r9 200 ? q1a q10 q12 q5 q6 q4 q7 c10 81pf r c2b 1k r c2a 6k r c1b 1k r c1a 6k q11 q3 ib d4 d3 d1 d2 ic id 50 a ia, ib = 0 a v cm > 1.5v above v s 200 a v cm < 1.5v above v s ic = 200 a v cm < 0.7v below +v s 50 a v cm > 0.7v below +v s id = 100 a v cm < 0.7v below +v s 0 a v cm > 0.7v below +v s ia q8 q9 q21 q13 2 q2b q17 q18 r15 1k q24 + pad 1 pad 8 +in ?n 50 a q15 q14 q16 q25 q22 100 a r14 1k r16 1k r25 1k r30 2k r26 100 ? r29 10 ? r23b 10k r23a 10k 100 a 160 a q19 q20 r20 2k r2 50 ? r19 2k 200 a q38 q23 c2 80pf + r32 1.5k q32 r34 2k r54 100 ? r3 100 ? c3 40pf c4 20pf q29 1677 ss q26 q30 q31 + r1 500 ? c1 40pf + + q27 q35 q34 q28 out ? s +v s q1b q2a si plified sche atic ww
19 lt1677 1677fa dimensions in inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted. u package descriptio s8 package 8-lead plastic small outline (narrow 0.150) (ltc dwg # 05-08-1610) n8 package 8-lead pdip (narrow 0.300) (ltc dwg # 05-08-1510) information furnished by linear technology corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable. however, no responsibility is assumed for its use. linear technology corporation makes no represen- tation that the interconnection of its circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights. n8 1002 .065 (1.651) typ .045 ?.065 (1.143 ?1.651) .130 .005 (3.302 0.127) .020 (0.508) min .018 .003 (0.457 0.076) .120 (3.048) min 12 3 4 87 6 5 .255 .015* (6.477 0.381) .400* (10.160) max .008 ?.015 (0.203 ?0.381) .300 ?.325 (7.620 ?8.255) .325 +.035 ?015 +0.889 0.381 8.255 () note: 1. dimensions are inches millimeters *these dimensions do not include mold flash or protrusions. mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed .010 inch (0.254mm) .100 (2.54) bsc .016 ?.050 (0.406 ?1.270) .010 ?.020 (0.254 ?0.508) 45 0 ?8 typ .008 ?.010 (0.203 ?0.254) so8 0303 .053 ?.069 (1.346 ?1.752) .014 ?.019 (0.355 ?0.483) typ .004 ?.010 (0.101 ?0.254) .050 (1.270) bsc 1 2 3 4 .150 ?.157 (3.810 ?3.988) note 3 8 7 6 5 .189 ?.197 (4.801 ?5.004) note 3 .228 ?.244 (5.791 ?6.197) .245 min .160 .005 recommended solder pad layout .045 .005 .050 bsc .030 .005 typ inches (millimeters) note: 1. dimensions in 2. drawing not to scale 3. these dimensions do not include mold flash or protrusions. mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed .006" (0.15mm)
20 lt1677 1677fa lt 0306 rev a ? printed in usa ? linear technology corporation 2000 2-wire remote geophone preamp related parts part number description comments lt1028/lt1128 ultralow noise precision op amps lowest noise 0.85nv/ hz lt1115 ultralow noise, low distortion audio op amp 0.002% thd, max noise 1.2nv/ hz lt1124/lt1125 dual/quad low noise, high speed precision op amps similar to lt1007 lt1126/lt1127 dual/quad decompensated low noise, high speed precision op amps similar to lt1037 lt1226 low noise, very high speed op amp 1ghz, 2.6nv/ hz, gain of 25 stable lt1498/lt1499 10mhz, 5v/ s, dual/quad rail-to-rail input and output op amps precision c-load tm stable lt1792 low noise, precision jfet input op amp 4.2nv/ hz, 10fa/ hz lt1793 low noise, picoampere bias current op amp 6nv/ hz, 1fa/ hz, i b = 10pa max lt1806 low noise, 325mhz rail-to-rail input and output op amp 3.5nv/ hz lt1881/lt1882 dual/quad rail-to-rail output picoamp input precision op amps c load to 1000pf, i b = 200pa max lt1884/lt1885 dual/quad rail-to-rail output picoamp input precision op amps 2.2mhz bandwidth, 1.2v/ s sr c-load is a trademark of linear technology corporation. linear technology corporation 1630 mccarthy blvd., milpitas, ca 95035-7417 (408) 432-1900 fax: (408) 434-0507 www.linear-tech.com typical applicatio u this 2-wire remote geophone preamp operates on a current-loop principle and so has good noise immunity. quiescent current is 10ma for a v out of 2.5v. excitation will cause ac currents about this point of ~ 4ma for a v out of ~ 1v max. the op amp is configured for a voltage gain of ~107. components r5 and q1 convert the voltage into a current for transmission back to r10, which con- verts it into a voltage again. the lm334 and 2n3904 are not temperature compensated so the dc output contains temperature information. + lt1677 2 + 1677 ta04 4 7 6 3 r2 100k r5 243 ? c4 1000pf q1 2n3904 c2 0.1 f r9 20 ? 12v v out 2.5v 1v r10 250 ? r1 365 ? r4 14k r6 4.99k r r v v + c 3v lt1431cz linear technology lm334z 6ma a r3 16.2k www.geospacecorp.com/default.htm (713) 939-7093 geospace gs-20dx r l = 630 ? geophone c3 220 f r8 11 ? r7 24.9k + a v = ? 107 r2 + r3 || r4 r1 + r l

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